Evaluation of the water absorption, tensile, and vibrational properties of GTR-recycled polypropylene composite 3D printing filament treated with NaOH

Omar, Nurul Asyikin (2024) Evaluation of the water absorption, tensile, and vibrational properties of GTR-recycled polypropylene composite 3D printing filament treated with NaOH. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Presently, polypropylene (PP) is a plastic-based material widely used for commercial and household purposes and other thermoplastic materials. PP offers several benefits such as low cost, high melting point, sustainable and most importantly, it is 100% recyclable. However, PP has become a major threat to the environment due to its non-degradable properties. The addition of Grand Tire Rubber(GTR) composite as reinforcement can replace conventional fiberglass and other synthetic fiber composites that have manufacturing hazards. Because GTR is the main component that is one of the elements for the reinforcement polymer composite. In this study, GTR was successfully treated with alkaline treatment using 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Fabrication of 3D printing filaments using a single extruder by incorporating different amounts of Tire Rubber(GTR) loading (1%, 3%, 5%) into a recycled polypropylene(PP) matrix as reinforcement to find the physical properties and their environment such a water absorption. The fundamental objective of this research is to fabricate a new 3D printer filament made from recycle Polypropylene (PP), Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) treated with Sodium Hydroxide Treatment (NaOH). The specific objective is to evaluate the effect of Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) on the water absorption, tensile properties of the composite material and vibrational properties. Although the Ground Tire Rubber was delivered in small pieces, it would through numerous processes before being sieved to 125 microns. Despite the Recycled Polypropylene being in resin or pellet form, this procedure is necessary to prevent any external contaminants from disrupting the compounding process. Recycled polypropylene has manifested in resins. However, before starting the method of mixing, it is important to make sure that the resins are clean and in good condition. Next, Alkali(NaOH) was used to treat the GTR to improve the tensile properties of GTR while decreasing its impact strength. The alkaline solution concentration utilised to treat the GTR varied 6%. 80°C and 24 hours are the temperatures and times used to treat the GTR in the oven, respectively. Hotpress method of combining polypropylene with treated and untreated ground tyres was used to create a strong and durable composite with specific mechanical properties. Then, the composite that has been cool then will go to crush process to make it as pellet form. The extrusion process will be assisted single extruder machine to produce the filament with setting parameter 180 ° C. Several experiments have been conducted to determine the mechanical and physical GTR filaments. Water absorption testing, tensile test and vibrational test were all performed. The data collected during the test have been recorded and analysed. The result revealed 5% water absorption highest value compared the 1% and 3% its because that the material reaches a saturation point at a certain concentration. Then, 1% treated in GTR tensile strength has the highest performance compared the 3% and 5%. While for vibration test, 5% untreated has good performance compared the 1% and 3%. Overall, recycled polypropylene with ground tire rubber are potential alternative to develop a new 3D printing filament material.

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