Investigation on properties of green concrete with fly ash as cement replacement

Che Azid, Eazwan Syafiq (2025) Investigation on properties of green concrete with fly ash as cement replacement. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

This study attempts to give an insight into the performance of concrete prepared with varying percentages of Fly Ash and additives in terms of compressive strength, water absorption, density, and microstructure. This concrete was produced in two batches: Batch 1 where, at replacement percentages of FA at 10%, 20%, and 50%, concrete was prepared, whereas for Batch 2, concrete was prepared, following the same replacement percentages, but this time incorporating additives such as calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and a superplasticizer. Experimental testing was carried out based on international standards to ascertain the mechanical properties, hydration behavior, and durability. It was observed that an increase in the FA content caused a decrease in compressive strength and density. Compressive strength was reported to be 11.5 MPa in a mixture where 10% was replaced by Fly Ash. Workability improved by the addition of additives but decreased compressive strength. By microstructural analysis, it was indicated that the gel of C-S-H was found to have a dense structure in low Fly Ash levels. However, Fly Ash higher contents are associated with higher porosity and undissolved particles. Water absorption was slightly higher for mixes with additives: 5.23-9.06%, proving their modified pore structures. EDX and FE-SEM analysis supported the same findings about how Fly Ash and additives were affecting hydration and durability. The paper, therefore, emphasizes how optimization of Fly Ash replacement and additive dosages can result in the development of sustainable concrete with improved performance.

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