Development of a tissue-equivalent phantom for transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) application

Samsuri, Nur Amilia Nadia (2025) Development of a tissue-equivalent phantom for transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) application. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) has revolutionized the field of medicine by providing a safe and reliable method for powering implants without the need for frequent surgeries to replace batteries. Validating the application of TET using animals is important before human clinical trials. However, these trials contribute to an increased global reliance on animal testing. Currently, there is a lack of research from researchers specifically developing tissue-equivalent phantoms to support TET applications at low frequencies. The goal of this project is to develop and characterize tissue-equivalent phantom materials for TET applications at low frequencies ranging from 1 MHz to 13.56 MHz. The electrical properties of the materials will be measured using an impedance analyzer, and their dielectric properties (permittivity, conductivity, and loss tangent) will be evaluated and compared to human tissues. This research is expected to produce long-lasting, high-fidelity phantom materials that accurately replicate human tissue properties for low-frequency TET applications. This innovation aims to advance research while reducing animal testing in biomedical studies. This structure focuses on motivation, research gaps, objectives, methods, and expected outcomes in a concise and logical manner.

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