Characterization Of Acrlonitrile Butadiene Styrene – Hexagonal Boron Nitride Composite For 3D Printing

Manogran, Devaki (2019) Characterization Of Acrlonitrile Butadiene Styrene – Hexagonal Boron Nitride Composite For 3D Printing. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

This thesis presents the characterizations of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) - hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) composite for 3D printing. Filament plays an important role in the creation of a 3D object. Therefore, ABS was chosen for this thesis. ABS is a common thermoplastic polymer which is extruded from the machine nozzle tends to shrink and warp at the printing bed platform. Warping and non-uniform shrinkage of ABS is one of the problems in 3D printing for this project. Besides, hBN has a crystal structure that offers excellent lubricating properties and excellent thermal conductive filler that is becoming increasingly attractive. This is the beneficial properties to ABS. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is to fabricate ABS – hBN composite by ABS dissolves in organic liquid process using ultrasonic agitator for sonication of small and medium size sample preparation. Moreover, this project are also to characterize the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological properties of ABS-hBN composite fabricated. To achieve that, there are phases conducted which will be started by identifying the problem that needs to be overcome. The second stage is a literature review which is to ensure that the project is on track and can be implemented to achieve the project’s objective. The material was chosen based on certain requirements and criteria. The ABS dissolves in the organic liquid process where the first process to be completed. Then, the solution mixtures will undergo a crushing process. Finally, both ABS and mixing composite will then undergo Differential Calorimetric Scanning (DSC) testing to get the result of melting point and glass transition temperature and Rheological testing to get the result of viscosity, shear rate, and pressure. By adding hBN with ABS, the degree of freedom for polymer chain motion during heating is reduced due to the reason of the free volume increased in the material in DSC testing which is 218.08°C (melting point) and 104.96°C (glass transition temperature) compared with ABS 227.99°C (melting point) and 96.31°C (glass transition temperature). Moreover, the range of melting temperatures for filament extrusion is 200°C - 245°C. Therefore, no issue and will be not effected to fabricate filament. While rheological testing results are taken into concern are the flow resistance and the pressure effect on the shear rate. The shear rate increased from about 100 to 700 Pa, while the shear viscosity decreased. In a simple term, the material is viscous at decreasing of shear rate. Due to high flow resistance, ABS has a higher viscosity than mixing composite. Thus the pressure is increased when the shear rate increases. This is caused by an increase in stress pressure (solid-state). 230°C temperature is not suitable to use for this testing due to the lower melting temperature that caused fractured filament produced by the rheometer

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