Utilization of electrical heater unit and secondary air injection into underbody catalyst for reduction of exhaust gas emission

Raja Ismail, Raja Nazirul Mubin (2018) Utilization of electrical heater unit and secondary air injection into underbody catalyst for reduction of exhaust gas emission. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Exhaust gas emission plays an important role in maintaining the index of clean air and human health. It is important to reduce the emission of these harmful gases such as hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx). In that matter, it is believed that most of these gases comes from emission of automobile exhausts and factories as a product of engine combustion. The implant of three ways catalyst somewhat helps in reducing toxic gases emission by converting them into less toxic gas such as nitrogen gas (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) droplet. The catalytic converter takes into effect once it reaches the light-off temperature around 450K. As it takes sometimes before the catalytic converter to reaches its light-off temperature for effective conversion of toxic gases, a few alternatives had been made including bringing catalytic converter closer to the exhaust manifold so that it can exploit hot gas emitted from the engine, installation of secondary air system to enrich oxygen gas, O2 content for facilitating HC burning and the use of electrically heated element (EHC) to speed up catalyst activation time. The use of EHC to reduce the time taken for the catalytic converter somehow seems one of the best alternatives as it can supply an instant heat to the catalyst for activation before the work changes to the heat supply by the exhaust gas temperature emitted from the engine combustion. However, placing catalyst further from the combustion chamber outlet and the blow of air from secondary air injection system had reduce the exhaust gas temperature and causing a longer the light-off time thus reduce the heat received by the catalyst for catalyst activation. Further optimization is needed to improve the efficiency of EHC in term of time and temperature so that the exhaust emission meets the current regulated emission standard.

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