Stress-strain And Failure Analysis Of Steel Pipe With Stress Concentration Factors (SCFs) Under Static 3 And 4 Point Bend Conditions

Tie, Sing Ann (2011) Stress-strain And Failure Analysis Of Steel Pipe With Stress Concentration Factors (SCFs) Under Static 3 And 4 Point Bend Conditions. Project Report. UTeM, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Piping system and structures are widely used in many industries. Tube and pipe are mainly use in structural application. So, stress plays an important criterion on these pipes. But the strength of the pipes usually calculated by assumed the pipes are perfect. In fact, all pipes contain small cracks that act as stress raisers or stress concentration. Besides small cracks, some holes of different shape also purposely produced for its uses. Stress concentration will reduce the strength of the pipe. The stress concentration is measured by stress concentration factor, K. Stress concentration factor is defines as the ratio of the maximum stress to nominal stress. So, bending tests are carried out to ensure that the pipe has a sufficient ductility and strength to stand bending without fracture. Bending stress occurs when a component is loaded by force which instead of trying to stretch or shrink the component. It will generate a combination of tensile and compressive stress in the load-carrying components. There are two types of bending tests, which are three-point bend and four-point bend tests. In this report, steel pipes are analyzed with different types of stress concentration factors (SCFs) which are circular hole and slot under both bending tests. Each specimen was attached with eight strain gauges on desired location from near to far from the stress raisers. These strain gauges are connected to the data logger to take the reading when the load is applied by the universal testing machine. Graphs of strain against distance of the strain gauges from the stress raisers were plotted based on the data recorded to calculate the experimental stress concentration factor. Besides, the theoretical stress concentration factor also calculated by using analytical method. Both theoretical and experimental results were compared for validation. From the results, it is clearly shown that different shapes will have the different value of the stress concentration factor. But both circular hole and slot specimens showed that the strain will decrease as the distance from the stress raisers is increase. Besides, the strain is directly proportional to the applied load. Higher loads will contribute higher strain

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