Implementation of vector control on electric vehicle traction system by PID gain scheduling

Chowdhury, Tanha (2023) Implementation of vector control on electric vehicle traction system by PID gain scheduling. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Electric vehicles have become increasingly important nowadays due to their many advantages including lower greenhouse gas emissions, enhanced air quality, higher energy efficiency, and utilization of renewable energy sources. It is important to ensure proper power and torque distribution, controllability, and overall operation for safe driving. Torque distribution imbalances and instability can cause vehicle wheels to vibrate, become unsmooth, and jolt as a result, the vehicle may lose control which can cause risk to the driver and passengers’ safety and accidents. To ensure the stability and controllability of the vehicle in any condition, it is crucial to have a balanced torque distribution in the vehicle control system. Additionally, unbalanced torque output from the wheel motors would result in extra power consumption, lowering the vehicle's overall efficiency and infecting its range negatively. The project proposed a system adding vector control with PID gains scheduling on the traction system of EVs to minimize these critical issues such as torque at low speeds, responsiveness on load changes, and speed holding capability. The design and implementation are conducted on a Go-Kart developed by the Autotronic research team FKM-UTeM. Two permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are used to drive the rear wheels while the front wheels are used for steering. Arduino UNO microcontroller is used as the electronic control unit (ECU) of this vehicle and by implementing the PID gain scheduling on the traction system, the torque distribution ability and stability of the vehicle at any driving condition have improved. The desired outcomes are analyzed and evaluated at the end of this project.

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