Design and analysis of biomedical antenna using flexible substrates

Azhar, Muhammad Farhan (2025) Design and analysis of biomedical antenna using flexible substrates. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Flexible substrates, such as polymers, textiles, and elastomers, are widely utilized in wearable applications due to their ability to conform to the human body and endure mechanical deformations, including bending, stretching, and twisting. However, their inherent characteristics, such as higher dielectric losses and lower mechanical stability, present significant challenges in antenna design, often leading to degraded performance. This project investigates advanced antenna design techniques to develop high-performance antennas optimized for biomedical applications. The study includes the determination of key antenna parameters for operation at the desired resonance frequency which is 4.5 GHz, with a focus on impedance matching, radiation pattern, and efficiency. The initial stages involved an extensive review of flexible substrates and MIMO antenna technologies from academic and industrial sources. Subsequently, antennas were designed and analyzed using CST Studio Suite, with and without the integration of Defected Ground Structure (DGS). The performance of the antennas for wearable biomedical applications was assessed through simulations. Using CST Studio Suite, antennas with and without DGS were developed and analyzed. Simulation findings revealed that the antenna with DGS included had a return loss of -19.84 dB, a substantial improvement over the antenna without DGS, which had a return loss of -8.19 dB. Even with more antenna elements in a linear array, the MIMO antenna showed a consistent bandwidth of 0.0632 GHz. Critical factors like as size, shape, and material qualities were successfully optimized in this study, demonstrating that antennas may provide high accuracy and consistent performance metrics that are validated for integration with medical devices. A key factor in reaching these outcomes was the simulation-based design with CST Studio Suite, which removed the need for initial manufacturing and paved the road for high-performance biomedical antenna systems. Future research will investigate different flexible substrates, such as polyimide or LCP, to improve biocompatibility and durability that incorporate sophisticated sensing capabilities for data transfer and health monitoring which create miniature antennas using contemporary fabrication methods to guarantee smooth integration into daily life. This project lays the groundwork for creative and effective antenna systems, advancing healthcare delivery and medical technologies.

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