Effect Of Temperature And Concentration Of Urea Solution In Urea Impregnation Process Into Biochar

Jamalluddin, Nor Asyiqien Atilah (2019) Effect Of Temperature And Concentration Of Urea Solution In Urea Impregnation Process Into Biochar. Project Report. UTeM, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Biochar is the final product produced from the combustion of sawdust and was impregnated with urea to be used in soil. This study will examine the effect of temperature and concentration of urea solution during urea impregnation process. The combustion of sawdust was closely monitored using thermal gravimetric analyse (TGA) under nitrogen atmospheres. Based on data from TGA, 8 mg of sawdust was undergo pyrolysis process at 350 ° C and 600 ° C under nitrogen gas flow at the rate of 30 ml / min and heating rate of 5 ° C / min. Pyrolysis at this temperature will create pore structure differently examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Urea solution was prepared by mixing with water at two concentrations, 4% and 8%. Biochar was impregnated with urea solution at room temperature of 30 ° C and slightly heated up to 50 ° C. The degree of crystallinity and phase of the material were examined out using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The surface functional hydroxyl group of biochar impregnated with urea solution was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared-Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The XRD spectrum showed that at the peaks of high crystallinity material at lower pyrolysis temperature. The SEM micrographs have showed the pore structure disappeared at higher temperature of 600°C. Hence, the biochar that have been pyrolised at 350°C is suitable to be impregnated with urea at concentration of 4% and mixing temperature of 30°C.

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