The Effect of Lean NOx TRAP (LNT) Catalyst On ON2 Removal From Diesel Exhaust Engine

Shafizal, Mat and Faizil, Wasbari and Mohd Firdaus, Sukri (2010) The Effect of Lean NOx TRAP (LNT) Catalyst On ON2 Removal From Diesel Exhaust Engine. Project Report. UTeM, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Recently, the application of the diesel engines has seen a rapid increase worldwide especially in Western Europe where approximately 44 percent of the new cars are powered by diesel engines (lFP, 2005). Diesel engine converts the chemical energy contained in the fuel into mechanical power. Diesel fuel is injected under pressure in the engine cylinder where it mixes with air and where the combustion occurs. The exhaust gases discharged from the combustion contain several constituent such are Carbon MoNOxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). It is well known that all these gases are harmful to human health and to the environment as well. A study in emission control for diesel engine has been a topic of interest for decades. Several techniques are proposed and developed for reducing diesel exhaust emission such as engine modification, fuel additive, alternative fuel, and after treatment systems. The after treatment systems are of particular interest because they can achieve satisfactory removal efficiency of the diesel pollutants. Currently, after treatment technologies are diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), lean NOx trap (LNT) and diesel particulate filter (DPF). In an exhaust system, LNT catalyst is usually positioned after DOC, and they require different temperatures for effective operation. LNT catalyst, also known as a NOx adsorber or de-NOx catalyst is currently considered to be the more effective system for converting NOx, a constituent of smog, into nitrogen and water. In order to study the effect of the LNT catalyst in the exhaust system as well as the reduction of the NOx emission from diesel engi ne, it is essential to perform the experimental study for the emission and the simulation analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) packages. Both experimental studies and computer simulations are commonly used to investigate the thermal process of LNT catalyst during the engine operation. Experimental studies are primary but costly, because a large number of equipments such as diesel engine, the dynamometer, the exhaust system with LNT catalyst, emission gas analyzer, and cooling system need to be employed for the experimental set up. Computer simulations have become essential supplemental method to experimental studies, because with the prediction and analysis from the computer simulation results, the experimental procedures can be optimized. In this project, both experimental studies and computer simulation analysis to examine the diesel after treatment system has been performed. The experimental studies have been done at the Engine Performance Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and the CFD analysis is performed using Fluent software.

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