Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from chicken bone waste using thermal decomposition method

Samsuri, Ahmad Amirul Aizad (2024) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from chicken bone waste using thermal decomposition method. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Global food waste, comprising 76% inedible materials like animal bones, presents a significant challenge. Utilizing waste materials, such animal bones, for valuable compound extraction is vital. This study proposes a sustainable method for synthesizing hydroxyapatite (HA), a biomaterial akin to bone minerals. HA has long been employed as a biomaterial in orthopaedic and dental applications to repair or replace hard tissues, as well as drug delivery systems. HA is obtained from chicken bone waste through a thermal decomposition process, which involves cleaning, drying, milling, and heating at elevated temperatures. The resulting calcium phosphate-rich precursor transforms into HA through calcination process conducted at several temperature ranging from 700 to 1100 ℃ for two hours. After that, characterization will be done through SEM-EDX, PSA and XRD to confirm the synthesized material which is HA. High purity HA powder was succesfully synthesised from chicken bones waste through this thermal decomposition method. By the experiment , we found that higher calcination temperatures led to increased crystallinity of hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from both drumstick and femur bone powders by using XRD analysis . From SEM and PSA analysis , the crystallite size and particle size for both type of bones with the average of 20.157µm to 21.449µm fo drumstick bones and 52.481µm to 363.078µm for femur bones has been studied and the purity for both type of bone samples has been investigated by using EDX analysis. This eco-friendly method not only addresses chicken bones waste but also offers a cost-effective HA production method, showcasing its potential in biomedical applications.

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