Razor shell as heterogeneous catalyst support for conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel

Hussin, Muhammad Hazim (2024) Razor shell as heterogeneous catalyst support for conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

This research aims to examine the biodiesel production using waste cooking oil (WCO) and derived catalyst from razor clam shells. The objective is to investigate sustainable feedstock and catalyst alternatives for the production of catalyst. The biodiesel production from waste cooking oil is designed to minimize the disposal costs and pollution levels. It is challenging to dispose of used oil, so using it as a feedstock for biodiesel is a beneficial process. For this study, biodiesel is produced through the process called transesterification. Process by investigating the critical variables such as reaction time, reaction temperature, molar ratio and catalyst loading on the overall production performances in order to meet the standard of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. In addition, by using razor clam shell as a catalyst source, the effectiveness of razor clam shell to produce biodiesel will be evaluated. The catalyst that achieves the best catalytic performance is the one that has been calcined at a temperature of 900℃. These results were evaluated through the use of a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) machine. The critical variable that gave the best results was a methanol (MeOH) to oil ratio of 9:1, with a percentage catalyst loading of 9wt% and a reaction time of 90 minutes at 65℃ reaction temperature. Additionally, razor clam shell is readily accessible, thereby reducing the cost of catalyst production.

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