Characterisation of crayons based natural waxes and WCO as an additive

Ahmad Shapawi, Ahmad Syahir (2024) Characterisation of crayons based natural waxes and WCO as an additive. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Cooking oil is widely used in household and food industry for cooking and frying purpose. It caused the amount of waste cooking oil increasing gradually over the years. Despite the waste cooking oil to be disposed, it can be used in making many new products such as candles, soap, and biodiesel. Thus, the idea of producing organic crayons from a combination of waxes with WCO as an additive is emerged. Crayons is an art medium that well-known among the children for drawing and painting. Generally, crayons are made by using paraffin wax as its main ingredient. This wax has a big potential on bringing harm to environment and human health. Many chemical substances found in commercial crayon such as arsenic, lead, and cadmium. Nowadays, many manufacturers of crayons has produced the organic crayon by using natural waxes such as beeswax, soy wax and vegetable wax. However, these waxes is low in durability and strength. The combination of natural waxes which are carnauba wax and beeswax were chosen in this project. Initially, the waste cooking oil need to undergo purification process by adding the alcohol which is ethanol into waste cooking oil. The ratio of ethanol to waste cooking oil is 15:1. This is the best ratio according to previous study conducted. In production of organic crayons, the treated waste cooking oil is mixed with the melted beeswax and carnauba wax in ratio 3:7, respectively. The ratio of these natural waxes promotes a better strength and durability. This ratio is obtained from several tests such as melting test in prior study. The mixture is then heated up and stirring continously before adding colour pigment. The mixture is poured into the mould to let it harden. The organic crayons produced are used as a sample to identify chemical substances present by using XRF analysis. These chemical substances are required to meet ASTM D4236 standard consumer safety specification for toy safety. From XRF analysis result, there are no harmful chemical detected in crayon and met ASTM D4236 regulations.

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