A comparison study on the effectiveness of a residential clay roof tile and industrial metal deck roof in Malaysia to drain rainwater

Mohd Fadzli, Muhammad Afif Shafi (2024) A comparison study on the effectiveness of a residential clay roof tile and industrial metal deck roof in Malaysia to drain rainwater. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

This study aims to assess the drainage efficacy and rainwater quality of two commonly used roofing materials in Malaysia, specifically residential clay roof tiles and industrial metal deck roofs. The goals are to offer insights into the relative effectiveness of different systems in draining rainwater and to contribute to the study of how they behave aerodynamically in different wind situations. Comprehensive investigation, encompassing pH, salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), and mineral content, reveals that clay roof tiles consistently indicate better rainwater quality in comparison to metal deck roofs. The clay tiles have a larger mineral content due to their composition, while metal deck roofs include increased quantities of heavy metals including zinc, iron, and aluminum, which could have environmental consequences. The validation investigation confirms that the realizable k-ε turbulence model is dependable for modeling horizontal homogenous velocity profiles, hence improving the precision of aerodynamic simulations that are vital for assessing wind-induced behavior. An in-depth analysis of wind pressure coefficients on roof surfaces reveals fascinating patterns. Surfaces that are at a right angle to the direction of the wind suffer higher pressure coefficients than surfaces that are parallel to the wind. Specifically, joint surfaces that are perpendicular to the wind experience reduced wind pressure across the whole surface of the roof. These discoveries are crucial for architects and engineers as they provide vital insights into the aerodynamic characteristics of roofs and assist in designing structures that can resist various wind conditions. The study on wind-induced suction on pyramidal roofs of different slopes demonstrates that the angle at which the wind approaches is a crucial feature that determines the pressure coefficients across the entire surface area. The 10° roof slope exhibits the most pronounced negative pressure coefficient, highlighting the importance of slope angle in the construction of wind-resistant roofs. To summarize, this study provides a comprehensive view of the drainage effectiveness, water quality, and aerodynamic characteristics of clay roof tiles used in residential buildings and metal deck roofs used in industrial buildings in Malaysia. The results contribute to the promotion of sustainable construction practices by offering empirical data and verified simulation models, highlighting the significance of careful material selection and design considerations for roofs in tropical climates. This research is at the forefront of developments in roofing technologies and practices because to its integration of environmental sustainability, structural resilience, and aerodynamic insights. The presented findings provide a comprehensive framework for making informed decisions in architectural and engineering practices, which is crucial as the construction industry places more importance on environmentally friendly and resilient solutions. These findings also serve as a foundation for future innovations in roofing materials and designs.

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