Study on the extreme pressure (EP) properties of treated WCO with addition of ZDDP vs hBN nanoparticles

Rosli, Aliza Nadira (2022) Study on the extreme pressure (EP) properties of treated WCO with addition of ZDDP vs hBN nanoparticles. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Nowadays, many studies have exploited waste cooking oil into other materials that can be reused. Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) or edible waste oil has become a common term, especially for Malaysians who love fried foods. Malaysia is one of the largest cooking oil (CO) producers which will affect the amount of WCO produced. Lack of WCO management and lack of community knowledge cause environmental damage where WCO can pollute the environment. However, WCO can still be reused to make other products such as biodiesel production and soap making. This thesis examined the waste cooking oil follow by utilizing the nanoparticles that used as additives to obtain an excellent tribology properties that can improve bio-based lubricants. This research showed nanoparticles that fulfil the fundamental requirement types and concentrations, then examined and determined the most appropriate nanoparticles that can improve wear protection and reduce friction. Hence, Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP) and Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoparticles in place of lubricant additive was added into the waste cooking oil to improve its physical and tribology properties. The WCO filtration process carried out based on ASTM D 7317. After the filtration process, WCO blended with ZDDP and hBN nanoparticles using an ultrasonic homogenizer. The process carried out is to homogenize the composition of different nanoparticles against zero friction properties. ASTM D 2783 four ball method is used to obtain the friction and wear scar diameter result. Then, using the SEM method, the wear mechanism on the bearing ball surface analyzed by scanning the wear surface image. As a results, ZDDP and hBN nanoparticles improved the physical properties along with the good anti-wear and anti-friction characteristics of the lubricant mixtures. Waste cooking oil meets the fundamental criteria for a bio-based lubricant and can replace mineral oil as a new advanced renewable bio-based lubricant for industrial operations that are environmentally conscious and cost-effective.

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