Development of thixo-laser engraving process for pewter product development from recycling tin

Maarof, Muhammad Syahir (2022) Development of thixo-laser engraving process for pewter product development from recycling tin. Project Report. Melaka, Malaysia, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Laser engraving is a process that involves vaporising substances to generate a thin slotted groove. By removing material layers, the laser beam serves as a chisel to carve designs into the surface of the material. To achieve the high heat required for vaporisation, the laser directs large amounts of energy to specific regions, with the result varying according to the power generated or the strength of the material being vaporised. However, the high hardness of the majority of materials, especially metal, prevents the creation of surfaces with a smooth and fine texture when a high laser power is employed. This research includes an examination of laser engraving on a tin-based alloy, pewter, that is heated and then cast. The pewter will then be use to coat a plate before performing laser engraving on its surface. The plate that were used in this research were galvanize steel plate after performing test on 3 different type of plate to find efficiency of coating for the semi-solid pewter. The semi-solid pewter will then be engraved using a laser engraving machine with variable laser speed, laser power, and laser frequency. 12 samples were tested with different parameter to obtained excellent design quality. The results were determined and analysed and 4 best samples were selected from the 12. The first sample uses parameter of 20% power, 500 mm/s speed, 150kHz frequency with height and time set at 23cm and 1min respectively. Second sample uses parameter of 20% power, 1000 mm/s speed, 150kHz frequency with height and time set at 23cm and 1min respectively. Third sample uses parameter of 20% power, 1500 mm/s speed, 150kHz frequency with height and time set at 23cm and 1min respectively. Last and final sample, which produce the finest result uses parameter of 40% power, 1500 mm/s speed, 150kHz frequency with height and time set at 23cm and 1min respectively. The coating on the plate may not last long depending on the thinness of it applied on the plate surface.

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