Initial development of a nanoelectronic biosensor for glucose detection

Wan Marzuki, Wan Zariff Zikri (2023) Initial development of a nanoelectronic biosensor for glucose detection. Project Report. Melaka, Malaysia, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. (Submitted)

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Abstract

A nanoelectronic biosensor for glucose detection often employs a nanomaterial as the sensing element such as carbon nanotubes or graphene. The nanomaterial is functionalized with a biomolecule such as an enzyme that binds with glucose for higher selectively. The binding of glucose to the biomolecule changes the electrical characteristics of the nanomaterial which is evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or cyclic voltammetry. However, biosensor development have detection limit, detection time, and specificity. Detection time introduces significant challenges when designing biosensor systems, such as finding a suitable technology while maintaining the highest sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, in this research, Polypyrrole (PPY)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) nanofilm is fabricated by using choronoamperometry method. This electrodeposition and cyclic voltammetry of fabricated nanofilm is experimented by AutoLAB potentiostat with NOVA 2.0 AutoLAB software. Then, it is characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTiR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to check the morphology and analyse the materials' properties. Based on the chronoamperometry of PPY/MWCNTnanofilm for 1 minute, carbon electrode shows the highest current at 0.001A. However, the result changes after a longer chronoamperometry process. After chronoamperometry for 3 minutes, copper electrode have the highest current at 0.0011A followed by stainless steel electrode at 0.001A. Lastly, for chronoamperometry for 5 minute results, copper electrode maintain the highest current at 0.0011A followed by aluminium electrode at 0.0009A. The cyclic voltammetry of carbon and stainless steel have been set between -0.8V and +0.4V in PBS solution. Based on the cyclic voltammetry results, the current in PBS solution for carbon is at -0.0025A and in glucose solution for carbon is at -0.0037A. Then, the current in PBS solution for stainless steel is -0.0010 A, and the current in glucose solution for stainless steel is -0.0015 A. As conclusion, the changes in current for both PBS and glucose solution shows that the glucose have been successfully detected and nanobiosenser is successfuly developed.

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