Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite derived from fish bone by heat treatment

Mohamed Zainudin, Muhammad Zarifhilmi (2022) Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite derived from fish bone by heat treatment. Project Report. Melaka, Malaysia, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. (Submitted)

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to obtain biomaterial from fish bone waste using calcination process. Since decades, hydroxyapatite (HA) biomaterials have been explored for medical applications. Fish bones are one of the materials that may be utilized to produce HA biomaterial. Furthermore, as fish bones waste is abundant in the population, it is a low-cost source of raw materials and an excellent method to reduce waste production from fisheries industries. In this study, HA powder was synthesised from Euthynnus Affinis fish bone which was self-collected from kitchen waste. The fish bones were calcined at different temperatures between 600ºC to 1200ºC to produce HA powder. The effect of calcination temperatures and soaking times (1 & 3 hours) on the as-produced HA which prepared from the fish bone waste were studied using XRD, FTIR, PSA, and SEM. The XRD analysis confirmed that when the calcination temperature and soaking time was increased, the crystallinity and particle size of the HA powders was increased with decreased of porosity due to formation of denser microstructure. Narrow band of OH- and PO4 3- are also observed by FT-IR when the calcination temperature is increased, which confirmed the formation of HA phase. PSA reveals that the HA structure was agglomerated in micron-sized regions, while SEM confirms that the agglomerated particles were composed of nanoparticles.Furthermore, PSA results show that increasing the calcination process soaking time from I to 3 hours resulted in a significant increase in particle size distribution. In conclusion, these findings are promising for future medical applications involving bone restoration

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