Finite element modelling on single and nested mild steel tubes under quasi- static lateral loading

Cheong, Chi Cheng (2021) Finite element modelling on single and nested mild steel tubes under quasi- static lateral loading. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Thin-walled structures are widely utilized in various engineering industries applications such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, building construction, tank, pressure vessel, etc. Different geometries or cross-section shapes of thin-wall structures are primarily utilized for energy absorption, such as circular, square, rectangular, and hat-section. The energy absorbed by the thin-walled structure can prevent occupant injuries and intrusion of the crash object during the impact in a collision. The impact of structure is not limited to the axial direction, but it may occur laterally. Over the past few years, the number of road accidents had slightly increased in Malaysia. Due to the rise in deaths, engineers and automotive designers have tried to control the impact load through several passive energy absorption mechanisms. In the automotive industry, the single tube structure was traditionally used as the crash tube or energy absorber, which had poor performance and easily deforms during an impact. Therefore, comprehensive studies and research need to be carried out into the design and development of energy absorbers to improve the energy absorption performance and enhance the safety of a vehicle structure. Besides that, nested thin-walled tubes are considered an alternative to energy absorption structures utilized in various industries, including aerospace, automotive and military. There are three different types of nested tube systems investigated in this study, which included Circle- Circle Tube (CCT), Circle-Square tube (CST), and Circle-Rectangular Tube (CRT). The purpose of this study is to identify the deformation behaviour and the energy absorption of the single and nested mild steel tube systems under quasi-static lateral loading. Besides that, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to validate the experiment result that obtained from other authors to ensure that in order to obtain accurate and precise results. The results presented that the energy absorption performance of nested mild steel tubes is superior as compared to the single mild steel tube. Among the tube systems, the Circle-Square Tube (CST) leads to outstanding energy absorption due to the existence of the inner quadrangular tube. The results revealed that the inner tube inside the nested tube systems had increased the strength of the structure and thus improved the amount of total energy absorption

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