Preparation And Characterization Of Nanocellulose Derived From Waste Office Paper Prepared By Acid Hydrolysis Method

Awang, Nik Nur Amiera (2019) Preparation And Characterization Of Nanocellulose Derived From Waste Office Paper Prepared By Acid Hydrolysis Method. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

The increase of consumption of paper has led to the environmental issues due to the landfills and incineration. Considering that, one of the major cellulosic waste material are including waste office paper. Therefore, to value add this wastage is by converted it into cellulose nanocomposites that is prepared by environmental friendly and cost effective method. Hence, this study is perform to synthesize cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from waste office paper by acid hydrolysis method with the optimum acid concentration based on selected parameters.Nevertheless, to date no detailed studies have been done on the preparation of nanocellulose from waste office paper. Plus, the process to prepare the cellulose nanocrystals is easier and also more energy and time efficient due to the least amount of lignin compared to other cellulosic waste. The alkali pretreatment and acid hydrolysis method has been conducted before further analysis by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) in order to determine the crystallinity index (CrI) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy which show the confirmation of non cellulosic materials has been removed by alkaline treatment with the 5 wt% concentration. In addition, via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), it was found that the surface morphology of alkaline treated waste office paper was smoother than untreated. From the result obtained, the optimum acid concentration is 30 wt% with 90 minutes hydrolysis time and 45°C temperature with the highest crystallinity index and crystallite size which is 36.35% and 32.92nm respectively. Extraction of CNC from waste office paper provides possible application in nanocomposites industry as a reinforcement. Thus, the use of waste office paper can be considered as green material and align with the sustainable design and development

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