Tribological Analysis Of Steel Against Steel Contact Under Extreme By Using Different Types Of Anti-Wear And Friction Additives

Abdull Jalil, Amir Shahiran (2019) Tribological Analysis Of Steel Against Steel Contact Under Extreme By Using Different Types Of Anti-Wear And Friction Additives. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

This study aims to investigate the extreme pressure properties of Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles as an additive in SAE 15W-40 Diesel Engine Oil to improve the extreme pressure properties of the base oil. Conventional base oil additive failed to provide protective lubrication layer under extreme pressure (EP) and prevent engine seizure. Base oil without nanoparticle also have lower load carrying capability and have high Coefficient of Friction (CoF) and other friction reduction method such as Diamond Like Carbon Coating (DLC) are much more complex and costly. Therefore, low cost and environmentally nanoparticle which is Alumina (Al2O3) and Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) are chosen to be used as the extreme pressure additive in diesel engine oil to improve the load carrying capability and reduce the CoF of the base oil itself. The nano-oil are prepared by dispersing hBN and Al2O3 nanoparticle with an optimal concentration of 0.5 vol % into the diesel engine oil using sonication method via ultrasonic homogenizer. The tribological test were performed using 4-Ball Tester in accordance of ASTM D 2596 and D 2783 standards. Based on the experimental results, it is found that Al2O3 has the potential to improve the extreme pressure properties of the base oil where it reduces the severe adhesive wear and increase the load carrying capability almost twice the load carrying capability of the base oil from 618N to 1236N. Al2O3 nanoparticle are also able to reduce the Coefficient of Friction (CoF) up to 48% .These finding are then verified using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electron Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis where it is found that Al element are present on the worn surface. Therefore, Al2O3 nanoparticles are believed to play three lubricating mechanism which is ball bearing effect, mending effect and tribofilm formation that led to the improvement of the extreme pressure of the base oil. Both nanoparticle plays the same lubricating mechanism however, they display different extreme pressure properties where Al2O3 nanoparticles has better extreme pressure properties than hBN nanoparticles as the point of the last non-seizure of Al2O3 are higher at 1236N compared to 786N of the hBN nanoparticles. Therefore, the usage of nanoparticle as an extreme pressure additive has significantly improved the load carrying capability and lower coefficient of friction which is significant for the application in modern internal combustion engine.

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