Preparation and characterization of polyol using waste cooking oil

Shawal, Nur Shuhada (2017) Preparation and characterization of polyol using waste cooking oil. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Over these recent years, Polyurethane (PU) foams are made up of non-renewable resources such as petrochemical which could negatively impact the environment. Towards sustainable environment, natural based resources polyols for PU synthesis could be utilized for replacing the existing non-renewable hydrocarbons resources. Moreover, waste disposal issue of frying or waste cooking oil were significantly contributed into serious environmental problems. Due to this situation, this research has been carried out to develop a natural based polyols by manipulating the waste cooking oil. The purpose of this study is to synthesize Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) based polyols with the idea of converting waste cooking oil into green based polyols. The WCO-based polyol synthesis is confirmed by the presence of hydroxyl (OH-) group in the molecular structure of WCO. Physical and thermal properties of WCO-based polyol are compared with unused cooking oil (CO)-based polyol and controlled sample of commercial polyols. In this study, transesterification and epoxidation process were successfully implemented as to introduce OH- group in triglyceride structure of WCO. After that, the production of WCO-based polyol is further confirmed by evaluating the presence of OH- using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tool. At the end of this study, WCO-based polyol has been prepared and comprehensively characterized. The presence of OH- group has been confirmed by the existence of identical peak of hydroxyl (OH-) group in an infrared spectrum at a wavenumber of 3341cm-1. In term of its physical properties, the WCO-based polyol would directly affect the thermal properties. Lower density and viscosity characteristics of WCO-based polyol had causes the increase of thermal decomposition behaviour. This behaviour negatively contributes for easy decomposition of future product of Polyurethane (PU) foam and some investigations for improvement are required to mend this limitation. To conclude, this research is significantly important since utilization of waste cooking oil in polyols may benefit to solve serious disposal issue of WCO while meaningfully could support the green initiative in preserving the environment.

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