Optimization study on process condition of durian shell pulping towards hydrophobicity

Abdul Rashid, Muhammad Faiz Haiqal (2016) Optimization study on process condition of durian shell pulping towards hydrophobicity. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

The hydrophobic cell wall fiber lignin is deposited in specialized cells to make them impermeable to water and prevent cell collapse. The variation in lignin composition that exists among different species, and among different tissues within the same species suggests that lignin composition varies depending on its precise function. Lignin and the plasticity is related because lignin can acts as the plasticizer in the system. An alternative solution is made by using the biomass waste from natural resources like durian shell. Durian shell is one of the potential material to produce variety type of composite sheet. Natural fiber is a biodegradable material that can easily decompose and contribute to the sustainable development but it easier to absorb the moisture and water. So, in this study, a composite sheet is fabricated by sustaining the maximum amount of lignin from the durian shell fiber to achieve plasticity property. In order to obtain the plasticity property of the composite sheet, few parameters had been optimized. The percent of alkali used, time of cooking and cooking temperature are the parameters that had been optimized using two-level factorial design. Optimum amount of lignin which is 57.67 % has been found from the run number.4. The highest percentage of lignin is also the higher degree of water contact angle which is 70.33 °. Be produced from a composite sheet which has the optimum lignin content which contributes to the high water contact angle. This study will contribute to the composite sheet that has the ability excess water rejection characteristics as contained in lignin itself. Thus, composite sheet can be used in a variety of environments including humid environment and at the same time being eco-friendly products that reduce harmful environmental effects on future generations.

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