Densification Of Durian Peel Waste As A Solid Biofuel : Effect Of Binder Ratio

Muhammad Hafizuddin, Mohd Gazali (2015) Densification Of Durian Peel Waste As A Solid Biofuel : Effect Of Binder Ratio. Project Report. UTeM, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

Text (24 Pages) Densification Of Durian Peel Waste As A Solid Biofuel - Effect Of Binder Ratio.pdf - Submitted Version Download (225kB)

Abstract

Since long ago, the non-renewable energy such as fossil fuel had been consumed for the benefits of human. The continuous of fuel consumption can lead to depletion of fuel’s resources and environment issues. There is an alternative ways to reduce non-renewable energy consumption by using biomass conversion into biofuel. In this project, solid biofuel will be highlighted due to its advantages in term of storage, transportation and usage. The source of solid biofuel (biomass) that will be used is durian peels because the availability of durian fruit to grow even when off season with the help of technology. Besides, there will be an investigation about the binder ratio to the durian peel briquette. There are six processes need to be done in order to convert the durian peel into briquette. First, durian peel was gone through drying process for reduce it moisture. Second, crushing process was done to obtain small pieces of durian peel. Third, milling process where the process made the durian peel in form of powder. Fourth, the powder of durian peel undergone through carbonization process which changes the powder into carbon. Fifth, the powder of durian peel only and containing carbon were mixed with two types of binders which are tapioca starch and calcium hydroxide. Sixth, densification process was done in order to give density to the powder of durian peel which is known as briquette. There were ten types of durian peel briquette produced in this project which are NC, NCS 1:4, NCS 1:8, NCS 1:12, NCC, C, CS 1:4, CS 1:8, CS 1:12 and CC. All of briquettes were undergone through four analysis; proximate, calorific value (theoretical), compressive and FTIR. The proximate analysis was done by follow the standard of ASTM of coal and coke. The proximate analysis have four parameters which are moisture content (10.42 – 14.24 %), ash content (4.23 – 15.66 %), volatile matter (41.55 – 72.09) and fixed carbon (9.44 – 33.00 %), while the calorific value was found to be 12.40 – 20.41 MJ/kg. The compressive strength for all briquettes has a range from 17.32 – 130.19 MPa. The spectrum of the briquettes has a result of O-H stretching at region of 3200 – 3400 cm-1. This region also represent as cellulose. At region of 1000 – 1100 cm-1, are indicating of C-O bonding which group of alcohol. Based on the result obtained, briquette CC is considered has the best characteristic of briquette because it has high calorific and medium value of compressive strength which are 20.41 MJ/kg and 17.32 MPa, respectively.

Actions (login required)

View Item