Binder Effect On Densification Of Cow Manure As A Solid Biofuel

Muhammad Naqiuddin, Samarul Fuad (2015) Binder Effect On Densification Of Cow Manure As A Solid Biofuel. Project Report. UTeM, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Nowadays, researchers have shown an increased interest in study another source of energy that can be replaced of fossil fuel. Production of briquette as one of energy alternative source is capable to overcome the shortage of fuel from hydrocarbon natural resources. From the previous study, a cow manure briquette that has been produced is brittle. Therefore, this research was studied about the effect of binder on densification of cow manure briquette as a solid biofuel. The binder applied in this research is starch and calcium hydroxide. The main objective is to identify binder effect on densification of briquette production. Cow manure was collected near Kampung Gangsa at Malacca (U2.293806, S102.261228) as a raw material to produce briquette. It involved six processes namely drying, crushing, milling, carbonization, mix with binders and densification. Sample of cow manure separated into two types which is mix with binders and without binder. The amount of binders ratio was 4% of the weight briquette produced in 100 gram. Cow manure was carbonized at 300ºC. Analysis of calorific value, proximate analysis, compressive test and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been conducted. The calorific value for carbonization sample (29.90 MJ/kg to 39.34 MJ/kg) is higher compared to non carbonization sample (23.32 MJ/kg to 24.42 MJkg). Moreover, the proximate analysis shows the value of moisture content for non carbonization sample (10% to 11.33%) is higher compare to carbonization sample (3.33% to 8.33%). Meanwhile, the percent of ash content for cow manure briquette is (21.33% to 30.33%), volatile matter (44.67% to 62.57%) and fixed carbon (4.67% to 21.33%). All this proximate analysis is follow the standard of ASTM of coal and coke. The FTIR results indicate that at 1100 cm-1 was described a carboxylates group and the release of C-O structures from ethers is group of alcohol. A narrow 3900 cm-1 band attributed to the free stretching O-H vibration. As a result, the briquette carbon with starch 1:4 has higher compressive strength 36.34 MPa and briquette carbon with calcium has higher calorific value 39.34 MJ/kg.

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