Thermal comfort assessment using Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD): A case study at SK Durian Tunggal

Azizi, Nur Fara Diniy Thermal comfort assessment using Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD): A case study at SK Durian Tunggal. Project Report. Melaka, Malaysia, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. (Submitted)

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Abstract

In Malaysia, students can spend as long as a third of the day in a classroom; hence, providing thermal comfort to the learning environments is important. Previous research had shown, by establishing a conducive learning environment, it is possible to raise student and teacher productivity, reduce absences, and improve examination results because children will be able to concentrate well in class and they will constantly be allowing new information and developing their thinking systematically. This study aims to investigate indoor data on thermal comfort in the classroom. Data collected was conducted at SK Durian Tunggal, Melaka. All the data were collected for 6 days, and physical measurement were taken using thermal comfort equipment, TSI Velocicalc for outdoor measurement (air temperature, air velocity, and relative humidity). The thermal comfort questionnaire was distributed to 176 students in the classrooms. Based on analysis correlation, as the time increases, PMV and PPD show increased discomfort due to higher temperature and humidity. Correlation analysis showed that sun facing classrooms, particularly in IBS blocks, experienced increased temperatures and inconsistent airflow throughout the day. Psychological responses show that inappropriate thermal conditions have a negative impact on students’ well-being and concentration during learning sessions. This study successfully assessed the thermal comfort in SK Durian Tunggal classrooms using PMV and PPD index, revealing better comfort levels in the morning with PMV approaching 0 and PPD below 10%, while the afternoon showed higher discomfort with PMV exceeding +1 and PPD reaching 20-30%. Environmental parameters often above DOSH and ASHRAE 55 standards, especially in sun-facing classrooms with inadequate ventilation. Recommendations include exploring adaptive strategies, redesigning school uniforms for heat stress reduction, and implementing advanced hybrid ventilation systems to improve air circulation and indoor air quality for an enhanced learning environment.

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