Development of water reaction turbine for hydropower system

Mohd Zamri, Adib Hafiz (2021) Development of water reaction turbine for hydropower system. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

The pico-hydro water turbine is a power generation system that uses water current and tidal flows. Pico-hydro, in other words, is a green system that generates power without relying on any other sources. This application provides a cost-effective and efficient method of generating electricity. Although the maximum energy that may well be generated is less than 5kW, the amount of energy stored in the battery is sufficient to power small appliances such as lamps, fans, radios, and other similar items. The development of this pico-hydro system starts on designing the prototype using Autocad to get realistic look. The design characteristic must have flat surface base to get the stability for the system to hang on the vibration during rotational movement of the turbine and the actual prototype uses solid metal to have weight on the system. The turbine itself use z-blade design since the project uses water reaction turbine and PVC pipe were the material picked as it is the lightest material to get good rotational motion beside on cheapest in the market compared to GI pipe. The z-blade turbine contains several characteristics for the system such as turbine length, pipe size, and nozzle size. The z-blade turbine length was tested from 0.4 meter up to 1 meter and pipe size was 0.75 inch to 2 inch. Nozzle development and testing used sizes of 8mm, 12mm, and 16mm. The goal of this project is to create a basic water turbine for a low-head pico-hydro generation system. Two key factors, head and water flow, impact the quantity of energy produced by the pico-hydro generating system. The amount of energy that can be produced varies depending on the head with maximum length is 5m water head. This project has successfully gained 90 rpm for the turbine speed, 18.41 V of DC voltage, 4.7 A of DC current, and 63.45 Watt of output power maximumly.

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