Tribological behaviour of palm oil by mixing fly ash microparticles as a bio-based lubricant for machining processes

Tay, Hock Seng (2021) Tribological behaviour of palm oil by mixing fly ash microparticles as a bio-based lubricant for machining processes. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Liquid lubricants are widely used during machining process to reduce the heat generated from cutting process. However, issue occurs as the current liquid lubricants are high cost and not biodegradable. To fill this research gap, this study aims to produce a lowcost biodegradable liquid lubricant. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different concentration of fly ash microparticles in palm oil bio-based lubricant on the coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter and worn surfaces of steel ball. In this research, bio-based lubricants were prepared by dispersing fly ash microparticles at 0.02 wt.%, 0.04 wt.%, 0.06 wt.%, 0.08 wt.%, 0.10 wt.%, 0.12 wt.% and 0.14 wt.% concentrations and Span 85 was used as surfactant in palm oil using ultrasonication technique. The tribological test was conducted using Four Ball Tribometer according to the ASTM D 4172 standard. The surface morphology was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (JEOL6010PLUS). The spherical shape of fly ash microparticles was found to provide most significant rolling effect during wear test that caused lowest coefficient of friction, smallest wear scar diameter and smoothest worn surface in optimum concentration which is at 0.12 wt.%.

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