Chemical Rod Design For Ground Resistance Improvement

Farhan , Hanaffi and Aimi Nazmin, Azmi and Aziah, Khamis and Junainah, Sardi (2011) Chemical Rod Design For Ground Resistance Improvement. Project Report. UTeM, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Grounding of electrical installation is primarily concerned with ensuring safety. In power networks the grounding system helps to maintain the voltage of any part of network with a predetermined range with respect to earth under steady state and fault condition. This approach has been in practice for many years but it is not perfect solution because the conventional grounding rod is typically less efficient for residential used. In order to determine a good rod, an experiment has been conducted on five types of copper rods which are solid rod or conventional rod, hollow rod, hollow rods with NaCl and the remaining two are hollow rods with NaCl but difference size of leach holes. The distance of the leach holes also must be careful designed because it may affect the material strength of the earth electrodes. The leach holes size also must be suitable to the size of NaCl because it can less maintenance of the earth electrode besides improving efficiency. In observation during eight weeks the conventional rod gives a large rate in increasing resistance from time to time. As follow grounding standards evolved to require lower resistance levels, better electrodes are needed. In this project, chemical rods were used as a solution for this problem. The chemical rods which are used NaCl as an electrolytic salt to help in increasing the soil 's conductivity. Furthermore, the chemical rods can function proper to carry unwanted current flows to earth without exceeding any operation, protecting equipments and ensuring a person or livestock is not exposed to danger of critical electric shock. All the earth electrodes have been located at the same placed and the same type of soil. In testing process, Megger Digital Earth Tester has been used to measure the resistance of the earth electrodes by using Fall Of Potential Method. This testing process has been conducted during eight weeks and all the data were recorded. The performance of each earth electrode has been analyzed after plotting graphs through the data obtained

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