The Minkowski Fractal Patch Antenna For GPS And ISM Band Application

Jamunarani, Muthusamy (2007) The Minkowski Fractal Patch Antenna For GPS And ISM Band Application. Project Report. UTeM, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

This report will describe the theories and techniques for shrinking the size of an antenna through the use of fractals. In particular, the Minkowski fractal patch antenna will be investigated. The Minkowski fractal patch antenna is introduced to reduce the size with miniaturization technique. This project presents the design of fractal patch antenna based on the basic structure of square antenna operate at 1.575 GHz for Global Positioning System (GPS) application and at ISM Band, from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz. The fractal design is introduced into the basic structure intended to reduce the size of the element. Hence, miniaturization can be achieved. Simulation has been performed on several sets of the design structures using Microwave Office Software. The simulation result shows that fractal iteration, and the iteration factor has different effect on the reduction of the patch antenna. Experiment shows that the 1st and 2nd iteration Minkowski fractal patch antenna manage to reduce the antenna size, while maintaining the same resonant frequency as that ofthe normal square patch antenna. Fractal antennas can obtain radiation pattern and input impedance similar to a longer antenna, yet take less special area due to the many contours of the shape. Fractal antennas are a fairly new research area and are likely to have a promising future in many applications.

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