Modification Of Copper Rod To Reduce Ground Resistance

Saiful Nizam , Sa'ari (2010) Modification Of Copper Rod To Reduce Ground Resistance. Project Report. UTeM, Melaka,Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Grounding of electrical installation is primarily concerned with ensuring safety. In power networks the grounding system helps to maintain the voltage of any part of network with a predetennined range with respect to earth under steady state and fault condition. TIllS approach has been in practice for nlany years but it is not pelfect soJ ution because the conventional grotmding rod is typically less effIcient for residential used. In order to detennine a good rod an experiment has been conducted on five types of copper rods which are solid rod or conventional rod hollow rod, hollow rods with NaCI and the remaining two are hollow rods with NaCI but difference size of leach holes. The distance of the, leach boles also must be careful designed because it may affect the n1aterial strength of the eatth electrodes. The leach holes size also nlust be suitable, to the size of NaCl because it can less maintenance of the earth electrode besides inlproving efficiency. In observation during eight weeks the conventional rod gives a large rate in increasing resistance from time to time. As follow grounding standards evolved to require lowe.r resistance levels, better elec1.Todes are needed. In this project chemical rods were 'used as a solution for this problenl. The chemical rods which are used NaCI as an electrolytic salt to help in increasing the soil's conductivity. Furthermore, the chemlcal rods can function proper to carry unwanted current flows to earth without exceeding , any operation protecting equipments and ensuring a person or livestock is not exposed to danger of critical electric shock. All the earth electrodes have been located a~ the saIne placed and the sanle type of soil. In testing process, Megger Digital Earth Tester has been used to measure the resistance of the ealth electrodes, by using Fall Of Potential Method. This testing process has been conducted during eight weeks and all the data were recorded. The performance of each earth electrode has been analyzed after plotting graphs through the data 0 btained. Ideally, to maintain a reference potential for illstruinent safety, protect against static electricity and limit the systenl to fraine voltage operator safety an earth electrode resistance should be zero ohm. In reality, after literature review and experiment has been done the value cannot be obtained.

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