Solar-powered air quality monitoring system with ESP32

Abdullah, Nur Aina Zakaria (2025) Solar-powered air quality monitoring system with ESP32. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Air pollution poses a significant global threat, adversely impacting environmental health and human well-being, necessitating advanced monitoring solutions. The rising levels of air pollution caused by industrialization, urbanization, and open burning have intensified health risks and environmental degradation. Traditional air quality monitoring systems are often expensive, stationary, and lack real-time data accessibility, making them unsuitable for widespread adoption. The absence of cost-effective, portable, and energy-efficient alternatives further hinders effective air quality monitoring in various environments. This project aims to design and implement a solar-powered ESP32-based air quality monitoring system integrated with IoT capabilities, providing real-time and precise data on air pollutants. The system utilizes an MQ135 sensor to detect various air pollutants and a DHT22 sensor to measure temperature and humidity, thereby enhancing the understanding of atmospheric conditions. The ESP32 microcontroller serves as the central unit, coordinating the operation of sensors and other peripherals while also facilitating seamless data transmission and remote monitoring via the Blynk app. Additionally, a buzzer is incorporated to issue immediate alerts when air quality thresholds are breached. The inclusion of a solar panel ensures sustainable power generation, supporting prolonged system operation and reducing environmental impact. Tests were conducted under various environmental conditions to evaluate performance metrics such as data accuracy, power efficiency, and usability.

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