Design and fabrication of water bike navigation and propulsion system

Mokhtar, Muhammad Adli Isyraf (2025) Design and fabrication of water bike navigation and propulsion system. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

In rural areas where geographical barriers such as water bodies hinder access to education, unsafe or inefficient transportation methods contribute to high dropout rates among students. This research aims to design, develop, and evaluate a human-powered water bicycle to provide safe and reliable transportation while improving access to education. The design process involved conceptualizing a propulsion system with a three-blade propeller (220 mm in diameter) and a navigation system utilizing a rudder connected to handlebars for precise control. We conducted flow simulations to guide the construction phase. The prototype was fabricated and tested for performance, focusing on propulsion efficiency, durability, and user experience. The propeller achieved an efficiency of 4.59%, consistent with the typical range of 5% to 15% for human-powered watercraft (Fuglsang et al., 2017). This efficiency was attributed to the use of a dynamo-powered grass cutter shaft, which, although not specifically optimized for water propulsion, demonstrated effective power transmission. Field tests indicated sufficient thrust for smooth and stable motion across water with minimal energy loss. Steering was responsive, and durability tests confirmed the resilience of key components under various conditions. The results validate the feasibility and efficiency of the water bicycle, demonstrating its potential to overcome geographical barriers and enhance access to education in rural areas.

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