A numerical analysis of an antenna for monitoring the healing of bone fractures

Selvaraji, Tharsheenii (2021) A numerical analysis of an antenna for monitoring the healing of bone fractures. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

The bone fracture complications are often variably defined, and there is a lack of consensus in their assessment, which makes their incidence difficult to estimate. This project aims to design an antenna and perform numerical analysis to determine the progress of bone fractures healing. A comprehensive study was conducted to ascertain the antenna's characteristic and to determine its sensitivity. The cavity-backed annular slot antenna has been designed and optimized in four-layered tissue (skin-fat-muscle-bone) using CST software. Three different substrates were used to investigate the effect of resonant frequencies on the substrate's dielectric constant. We analyzed the scattering parameters of the designed antenna and evaluated the cavity-backed annular slot antenna's sensitivity on how the reflection coefficients change with each stage of healing progress. We observed that as the dielectric permittivity increased, the frequency shifted to a lower frequency and it has proved the dielectric constant-frequency relationship theory. As a result, the sensitivity of the designed antenna with various substrate’s dielectric constant will benefit medical applications that require a low-cost and non-invasive procedure for bone healing monitoring systems.

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