Investigation on the relationship between lightning flashes and rainfall rate in Malacca

Herman, Ariffin (2022) Investigation on the relationship between lightning flashes and rainfall rate in Malacca. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Severe storm that happens is often followed by a flash flood with capability of producing excessive rainfall. Severe storm that occurred may produce lightning when there is an electrical discharge occurs during the storm. On 11 August 2020 and 20 October 2021, a severe storm happened at Malacca causing serious damage and many people are affected. The incident was happened so sudden and the collected data during that day is not yet studied. Hence, the first objective of this study is to classify the types of lightning flashes. The second objective is to analyze the type of lightning flashes emitted from the storm and the third objective is to analyze the relationship between lightning flashes and rainfall rate. The data that present is Electric Field Mill (EFM), Fast Antenna System (FA) and weather radar. The lightning analysis shows that there are five lightning flashes type that recorded, which is +CG, -CG, IC, +NBE and -NBE. From the two storms, there are total of 1356 lightning flashes. Storm on 11 August 2020 recorded 1024 lightning flashes with IC (436) is the majority and the minority is -NBE (6), where storms on 20 October 2021 recorded a total of 332 lightning flashes recorded with IC (122) has the highest value and -NBE (5) also has the lowest value. The EFM value is vary for the two storms, the storms on 11 August recorded 9.80 kV/a as the highest value and the storm on 20 October 2021 recorded 3.20 kV/a as the highest value. On 20 October 2021, the radar data show that the highest rainfall rate is 80 mm/h, and the reflectivity is 53 dBZ. From the data, it is known that heavy rainfall is occurred. The weather radar show that heavy rain is occurring from Jasin to the whole area of Malacca. The storm on 11 August 2021 recorded 50mm/h rainfall rate and the reflectivity is 50 dBZ. The data also shown that heavy rainfall occurred during that day. The radar shows the rainfall moved from Masjid Tanah to whole area of Malacca. From the two storms, IC have the highest number of lightning flashes that occurred and -NBE has the lowest number of lightning flashes. From the rainfall rate and reflectivity of both storms, IC is the one that leading to the occurrence of heavy rainfall. Where -NBE with the lowest number is the indicator before the heavy rainfall to occur.

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