Develop and characterization of tissue-mimicking phantoms for biomedical application

Mahendran, Malini (2022) Develop and characterization of tissue-mimicking phantoms for biomedical application. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

More than 190 million animals are sacrificed each year involving clinical scientific studies, worldwide. Therefore, tissue-equivalent phantom are proposed as an alternative method of research to validate spectroscopic systems and simultaneously reduce the use of animals. To assert that the phantom is stable and reliable, the dielectric properties of the phantom must be comparable to those of human tissues. In this thesis, the skin, fat, and muscle tissue-equivalent phantom with a low-water content, semi-solid, flexible, and malleable were developed in the microwave frequency range of 1–20 GHz. The phantom’s ingredients was identified, and the recipe been altered to obtain desired dielectric properties. Double boiling method was used to develop the skin and fat tissue while direct heating method was used to develop the muscle phantom. The dielectric properties of the formed phantoms (skin, fat, and muscle) were measured by using performance probe in Agilent Technologies 85070E dielectric probe kit, and the results was recorded by Agilent Technologies N5242A network analyzer. Overall, the phantom’s samples are almost showed a good agreement for the relative permittivity, conductivity, and loss tangent values when compared to the human tissue. The results of this thesis offers research opportunities in education and medicine since it benefits in biomedical field as well as long-term impact on society and the environment.

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