Development of carbon nanotube-based nanoelectronic biosensors for glucose detection

Ismail, Intan Zuratikah (2024) Development of carbon nanotube-based nanoelectronic biosensors for glucose detection. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

In the development of nanoelectronic biosensors for glucose detection, a common approach involves the utilization of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes or graphene as the sensing elements. These nanomaterials are often functionalized with biomolecules, such as enzymes, to enhance selectivity by forming specific bonds with glucose molecules. The interaction between glucose and the biomolecule induces changes in the electrical characteristics of the nanomaterial, which can be assessed through techniques like electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or cyclic voltammetry. However, biosensor development faces challenges related to detection limits, detection time, and specificity. Addressing the need for efficient biosensor systems with high sensitivity and specificity, this research focuses on fabricating a Polypyrrole (PPY)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) nanofilm through the chronoamperometry method. The electrodeposition and cyclic voltammetry of the fabricated nanofilm are conducted using an AutoLAB potentiostat with NOVA 2.0 AutoLAB software. Characterization of the nanofilm is carried out through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTiR), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to analyze morphology and material properties. During chronoamperometry for 3 minutes using PPY/MWCNT 1.5 hours sonication, the carbon electrode exhibits the highest current at 1.326 mA. However, longer chronoamperometry processes yield different results. After 5 minutes, the carbon electrode registers the highest current at 0.929 mA, followed by stainless steel at 0.721 mA and the indium tin oxide electrode at 0.350 mA. Further, chronoamperometry for 3 minutes using PPY/MWCNT 3 hours sonication, the carbon electrode exhibits the highest current at 0.972 mA, followed by stainless steel at 0.954 mA and 0.496 mA. After 5 minutes, the carbon electrode registers the highest current at 0.898 mA, followed by stainless steel at 0.836 mA and the indium tin oxide electrode at 0.437 mA. Cyclic voltammetry, conducted between -0.8V and +0.4V in a PBS solution, reveals that the current for the carbon electrode in PBS solution is 1.562 mA, while in glucose solution, it is 2.099 mA. For the indium tin oxide electrode, the current in the PBS solution is 0.700 mA, and in the glucose solution, it is 0.144 mA. For the stainless steel electrode, the current in the PBS solution is 0.942 mA, and in the glucose solution, it is 0.499 mA. These results collectively indicate the successful detection of glucose, affirming the efficacy of the developed nano biosensor.

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