Ylistrum balloti (Saucer scallop) as heterogenous catalyst support for conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel

Darmawi, Nurilyana Maisarah (2024) Ylistrum balloti (Saucer scallop) as heterogenous catalyst support for conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Biodiesel is another option of fuel that is renewable and releases clean-burning fuel the same as conventional diesel. Waste Cooking Oil are one of the sources that produce biodiesel. Biodiesel is produced domestically and can be used in any diesel engine with little or no modification to the engine or fuel system. This project main goal was to produce green and clean fuel using conventional transesterification method of solid waste shell. Ylistrum balloti that are generally known as saucer scallop are the main catalyst for transesterification process with the help of MeOH (MeOH) as alcohol. Transesterification is the chemical process involved to converts the high Free Fatty Acid (FFA) into methyl ester and glycerol. The abandoned shell of scallops was calcined at 800 °C for 4 hours and SEM was used to characterize the catalyst. The best parameters were identified at 5 wt.% percent of catalyst loading, 9:1 molar ratio of MeOH to oil with reaction temperature of 65 °C and reaction time for 90 minutes. It was discovered that the catalyst made from scallop waste shells has strong catalytic activity and environmentally beneficial qualities, making it as one of the good optional of heterogenous catalyst. The properties of produced biodiesel were analyzed according to the ASTM D6751, EN 14212 and AOCS.

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