Development of bio-lubricant from waste Musa Paradisiaca enhanced by crystalized structure of nanoparticles

Mat Sani, Nurul Najeehah (2022) Development of bio-lubricant from waste Musa Paradisiaca enhanced by crystalized structure of nanoparticles. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Mineral oils, synthetic oils, re-filtered oils, and vegetable oils are just a few of the many lubricants that are offered globally. Most lubricants supplied in bulk are mineral oils made from petroleum oils, which are poisonous, poorly biodegradable, and therefore bad for the environment. Due to the depletion of petroleum resources and environmental concerns, researchers have been more interested in the use of vegetable oil as a lubricant. Vegetable based lubricants offer superior actual properties, are less corrosive, are unlimited, and are biodegradable as compared to mineral-based oils. As a source for bio-based lubricants, virgin biological oil or processed agricultural wastes are also options. To develop bio-based lubricants, this thesis looked at virgin vegetable oil using nanoparticles as additives to acquire outstanding tribology properties. To locate the most appropriate nanoparticles that can improve wear protection and decrease friction, this research first identified the nanoparticles that satisfy the fundamental requirements in terms of types and concentrations. To enhance the physical and tribological properties of banana oil, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and graphene (C) nanoparticles were introduced in place of lubricant additives. The extraction of essential oils and the addition of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and graphene (C) nanoparticles lubricated to each of the contact surfaces underwent four-ball wear testing. In contrast to mineral oil, nanoparticles enhanced the lubricant mixtures' physical qualities and gave them good anti-wear and anti-friction properties. Because they meet the basic requirements for bio-based lubricants, banana peel essential oils can replace mineral oil as an advanced sustainable bio-based lubricant for industrial activities concerned with the environment and save money.

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