Study of 3D printing filament made from recycle polypropylene (PP) and ground tyre rubber (GTR) treated with NaOH

Yusoff, Yusra Fitri (2023) Study of 3D printing filament made from recycle polypropylene (PP) and ground tyre rubber (GTR) treated with NaOH. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

The recycling and recovery of waste tyres is a severe environmental concern since vulcanised rubbers take several years to break down naturally cause the issue in waste management and environmental protection. On the other hand, using recycled plastic for 3D printer filaments can help reduce pollution and waste management challenges created by unwanted plastic. PP has similar properties to PLA, making it a potential material for deposition. Recycle Polypropylene (PP) exhibits good chemical resistance to a wide range of chemicals (acids, alkalis, and organic solvents), as well as fatigue resistance, environmental stress cracking resistance, detergent resistance, and ease of machining. Ground tyre rubber (GTR) was employed as a filler in a polymer matrix (composite material) for material manufactured utilizing the extrusion technique in this investigation. As a result, characterization of Ground Tyre Rubber (GTR) and Recycle Polypropylene (PP) as raw material for producing 3D printing filament is done. Then, analyzation on the microscopic, mechanical and water absorption properties of 3D printed specimen made from Ground Tyre Rubber (GTR) and Recycle Polypropylene (PP) at various composition to assess its properties. GTR that has been treated in homogenous NaOH (30g NaOH dissolves in 500ml water) before being combined with PP. GTR will be swirled to achieve consistent treatment before being soaked for 40 minutes, washed with distilled water, and dried for 24 hours at 60°C. GTR will then be subjected to particle size analysis to identify the particle size distribution in a substance. TGA and DSC will be used to study the thermal characteristics of both untreated GTR and treated GTR. To combine GTR and PP, a sintering method using a hot press machine will be used to create a solid material. It will then be crushed to a smaller size before being extruded using a single screw extruder to make the filament. By using those filaments, dog bone and rectangular shape samples have been printed by using 3D printing machine. For overall tensile test result, untreated PP/GTR has the highest tensile strength with the samples of 3% untreated GTR which is 18.3784 MPa compared to pure PP/GTR and PP/GTR treated with NaOH. Next for overall flexural test result, the highest flexural strength is 80.5253 MPa for 3% untreated PP/GTR sample followed by PP/GRT treated with NaOH samples with 61.2758MPa. For physical test, the percentage of water absorptions are inversely proportional to percentage of untreated GTR in PP/GTR samples. However, the result shows the percentage of water absorption for PP/GTR treated with NaOH samples is directly proportional to the percentage of GTR treated with NaOH as filler in PP/GTR filament. Thus, 3D printable eco-friendly PP/GTR filaments with low cost can be developed and used for 3D printing applications, contributing to reduce the impact of plastic and agricultural waste.

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