Investigation on physico-mechanical properties of glass-ceramic composite from eco-waste materials

Zuhaimi, Afifah Khairina (2022) Investigation on physico-mechanical properties of glass-ceramic composite from eco-waste materials. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of filler loading from ecowaste material on physico-mechanical properties of the glass-ceramic composite. The cockle shell (CS) with a particle size of around 751-lm was incorporated as a filler in a glass-ceramic composite throughout this study. Meanwhile, soda-lime silica glass (SLSG) served as a matrix having an overall size of around 75 11m. The CS filler was dried and calcined at temperatures of 1 000°C with a constant heating rate of I 0°C/min for four hours before being exposed to the direct sintering process. Four batches of formulation were made with SLSG: CS ratios of 50:50, 60:40. 70:30, and I 00:0 wt.%. To achieve uniform dispersion of the mixture, a planetary ball mill was employed to combine the particles. The green square part was formed by compacting it using uniaxial pressing at I 0 tons for two minutes. At temperatures of700, 750, 800 and 850°C, the samples were sintered with a constant heating rate of 2°C/m in and a dwell duration of an hour. To determine the presence of a hydrogen bond, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilised to characterise the element of CS, while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the phase of the recycled SLS glass composite. Before analysing the apparent porosity of the composite, the physical characteristics were measured using ASTM C373. The hardness of recycled SLSG composite was evaluated using the Vickers hardness test (ASTM C 1327-99) and acoustic measurement (ASTM E494-95) where the percentage of the error will be recorded as comparison data. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure of the surface fracture and concluded the relationship between microstructure and physico-mechanical properties of the SLSG composite. The findings revealed that the sample with 30wt.% CS filler had outstanding physical and mechanical qualities at 850°C. This formulation has a high linear shrinkage and a low apparent porosity, both of which contribute to its greater bulk density of 2.09g/cm3. XRD patterns indicated quartz, cristobalite, silicon oxide (Si02), calcium oxide (CaO), and sodium oxide (Na20) following the sintering process. The composition had the highest average microhardness reading, 1004.86Hv, in the microhardness test.

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