Crashworthiness finite element analysis on aluminium alloy shells under quasi-static axial loading

Lee, Jin De (2021) Crashworthiness finite element analysis on aluminium alloy shells under quasi-static axial loading. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Thin-walled shells are used as energy absorbers due to its weight efficiency and its ability to absorb energy. The crashworthiness of the shells can be evaluated by comparing the crash parameters such as energy absorption capacity and initial peak crushing force. The cross-sectional geometry of the shells has played the main role in the variation of these crash parameters. Cylindrical shell which has the highest energy absorption had experienced the highest amount of initial peak crushing force which reduced its crashworthiness. Hence, investigate the deformation behaviour of shells with different cross-sectional geometry and its respective energy absorption ability and the effect of the hole on the crashworthiness of the thin-walled shell is the further aim of this study. The analysis starts up with three cross-sectional thin-walled shells which are circular, squarical, and triangular. The model is verified by comparing the numerical and the theoretical mean crushing force and their respective crash parameter is determined to identify the shell with the highest energy absorbed. The selected shell is modified to improve its crashworthiness by cutting out a hole on the shell. There is a total of 6 models with holes. There are 3 models with one hole on one side of the shell and 3 models with two holes on two sides of the shell. The hole is located at 20mm from the top of the shell to the centre of the hole, 20mm from the bottom of the shell to the centre of the hole, and at the middle height of the shell. All the model is assigned with Aluminium Alloy 6061, and it is subjected to 5mm/min quasi-static axial loading. The results found that cutting out hole was able to improve the crashworthiness of the shell.

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