Effect Of Hybridization On The Functional Properties Of Nanocarbon-Based Electrically Conductive Adhesive (ECA)

Othman, Mohd Dzul Fazley (2020) Effect Of Hybridization On The Functional Properties Of Nanocarbon-Based Electrically Conductive Adhesive (ECA). Project Report. UTeM, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Due to its low processing temperature, Electrically Conductive Adhesive (ECA) is considered an alternative for interconnecting material that substitutes traditional material such as lead solder and lead-free solder. Because of its high conductivity and strength, silver is the most widely used metal fillers used in conductive adhesives. However, the cost of silver-filled conductive adhesives is much higher than the usual lead-free soldiers. Some of the limitations of silver are when blended with epoxy will produce low thermal conductivity, poor impact strength, and limited current carrying capabilities. Thus, the hybridization of the fillers in the ECA is aimed to enhance the functional properties of the single-filled ECA. This research is focused on the effect of the hybridization on the functional properties of ECA. The objective of this research is to evaluate the functional properties of hybrid ECA with varying silver flakes filler loading added to a constant amount of MWCNT conductive filler in an epoxy polymer binder. In this research, the hybrid ECA was formulated by adding 5 wt. % of MWCNT and silver flakes with filler loadings of 3wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 5 wt. % to the epoxy matrix in the Thinky mixer ARE-310 centrifugal planetary mixer machine. A JANDEL model, RM3000+ 4-point probe machine, was used to measure the resistivity of printed hybrid ECA, with reference to ASTM F390 standard guideline, in which each sample was tested 3 times to get a reliable set of data. The experimental result from the electrical characterization suggests that the sheet resistance and volume resistivity of the hybrid composites decrease with increasing filler loading, an indication that the electrical conductivity is enhanced for this range of Ag and MWCNT filler loadings in the hybrid ECA. Here, the percolation threshold was reached at approximately 10 wt.% of the fillers, in which 5 wt.% Ag + 5 wt. % MWCNT were added to the epoxy matrix. Based on the literature, with increasing fillers loading, the electrical properties of the hybrid ECA resulted in decreasing resistivity and became a better electrical conductor. Such observation could suggest that the percolation threshold is reached, creating a conductive path, therefore result in a decrease in the hybrid ECA's resistivity and increasing conductivity. As for the mechanical property, the results from lap shear test revealed that increasing the Ag filler from 3 to 4 wt.% in the hybrid ECA system, (which correspond to 8-9 wt.% total filler in the hybrid ECA), shows a gradual increase in the average maximum lap shear strength. However, beyond this filler loading, there is a gradual decrease, suggesting a saturation state for the hybrid ECA system, therefore suggesting that adding more filler does not further enhance the mechanical strength of the hybrid ECA.

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