Development Of Lightning Detection System Using The Combination Of The Electric Field And Magnetic Field

Hamzah, Muhammad Fikri (2019) Development Of Lightning Detection System Using The Combination Of The Electric Field And Magnetic Field. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Lightning is electrical discharge typically occurs as electrical breakdown in air when two electrically charge regions (positive charge and negative charge regions) in the atmosphere or on the ground temporarily equalize themselves. Lightning Detection System (LDS) and mapping system has shown that the system can be used to minimize the harmful effect of lightning by providing early warnings of such hazards. Lightning investigators have promoted that the LDS based on Time-of-arrival technique which applying the electric field and magnetic field measurement from multi-stations capable for determining location and mapping lightning location. The main important of LDS component is the Integrated Circuit (IC) which exhibit as voltage follower (buffer). The main problem off available LDS in the market is regarding on the uncertainty of the feature being recorded by the system. The system only appears as a measurement value or parameters without knowing the details of the characteristics of the lightning discharge. In addition, the producer of the LDS instruments will not expose the real operation of the system because it was a confidential matter. Furthermore, the ICs that have been used by many of lightning investigators were expensive and some way not easily available in the market. Therefore, this project has been introduced specially to determine the possibility of available ICs and cheaper in the market to be used for lightning sensors in the future. This project introduces two type of ICs for the electric field and four type of ICs for determining magnetic field detector. The specific ICs for electric field circuit were THS 4631 (Texas Instrument) and LMH 6559 (National Semiconductor). On the other hands, the ICs for determining of magnetic field detector are LMH 6639, LMH 6643, LMH 6645 and LMH 6655 (all from National Semiconductor). OrCAD 9.2 was used in this project to determine the best bandwidth for each sensor specifically for electric and magnetic field sensor. Try and Error method was used to the determined the best ICs based on the bandwidth produce that observed via OrCAD software. The chosen IC then was etching to a suitable circuit configuration and applied to the real measurement process. The chosen ICs was THS 4631 for electric field while LMH 6639 for magnetic field because it could capture the desire lightning strike wave and it also have been tested in laboratory. The main distraction for this project was the noise that produce from the converter that used to split the single supply to dual supply. The noise signal was overlap with the lightning signal and it also could trigger the oscilloscope to capture the signal which unnecessary for the data collection. Other than that, the sensor supply also is one of the major problems because the sensor could turn off while it needed to capture the signal. For this project, the supply of the cooling system and the sensor system was shared. The cooling system usage was depending of the surrounding temperature and if the temperature as high, the supply could not cope the LDS until night coming. Therefore, there were certain solution that recommended for future work which are the LDS need to used dual supply for the battery, isolate the sensor supply from other supply and provide a long-life span battery for the LDS

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