Design Multiband E-Shaped Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna With Defect Ground Structure (DGS) By Using Graphene

Anuar Falellah , Mohd Nurul (2016) Design Multiband E-Shaped Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna With Defect Ground Structure (DGS) By Using Graphene. Project Report. UTeM, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

Text (24 Pages) Design Multiband E-Shaped Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna With Defect Ground Structure (DGS) By Using Graphene.pdf - Submitted Version Download (449kB)

Abstract

To have small, compatible and affordable antennas is the need of today’s mobile devices. Microstrip antennas are the best choice for wireless devices because of characteristics like low weight, ease of fabrication and low cost. But on the other hand, microstrip antenna also suffers from disadvantages like they have less bandwidth and gain. So, measure issues for consideration are a multiband and wideband operation of the antenna. In order to obtain multiband and wideband characteristics, different techniques can be used such as cutting a slot in the patch, fractal geometry and DGS (Defected Ground structure). In order to increase bandwidth, DGS can be used. It is to be noted that within a particular area of ground different DGS can produce different resonant frequencies and different bandwidth. In this thesis, the use of fractal geometry with three iterations has been proposed. This results in multiband operation of the antenna with added advantage of size reduction. Further, the wideband characteristic of the antenna is improved by applying DGS. Nowadays, graphene has attained a great demand from the device community. In this project, graphene is an element that preferred in replacing the copper as patch material to improve the performance of the antenna. This is because of its advantages for instance light weight, strong, transparent and good conductor of heat and electricity. From this project, the best optimization design is using the third iteration with DGS antenna. The antenna is designed and simulated by using Computer Simulation Studio 2011 (CST) software.By applying the concept of fractal geometry on a rectangular patch, a self-similar E-Shaped structure has been obtained. Also, by using FR-4 epoxy (Fire Retardant-4) as substrate antenna resonates at 5.6GHz,7.3GHz, 8.4GHz ,and 9.6GHz respectively with bandwidth 233MHz, 462MHz, 341MHz and 396MHz at corresponding frequencies. Graphene material shows a better performance compare to copper as the patch material in term of return loss, bandwidth and gain have also been proved in this thesis.

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