Effect of praseodymium (III) oxide (Pr2O3) doped bismuth sodium titanate-barium titanate (BNT-BT) via solid state reaction

Safian, Mohd Azizul Hikmi (2015) Effect of praseodymium (III) oxide (Pr2O3) doped bismuth sodium titanate-barium titanate (BNT-BT) via solid state reaction. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Piezoelectric ceramics are known as advance ceramics that convert the input signal to provide a haptic feedback. The fast response to lower power consumption and small in size make piezoelectric ceramics an ideal material in a wide range of applications. The piezoelectric ceramics are made from the safest raw materials that are user friendly and environmental friendly. The aim of this project is to study the reaction of Pr-doped BNT-BT ceramic by using solid state reaction. BaTiO₃ (BT) is a well-known lead-free ferroelectric material with perovskite structure which offer good dielectric and piezoelectric properties but relatively low Curie temperature, Tс=120°C. BiNaTiO₃(BNT) is a strong perovskite ferroelectric material at room temperature with high Curie temperature, Tс=320°C, remanent polarization Pr=38μC/cm² and coercive field Ec=73kV/cm. In order to use BT based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, it is necessary to increase the Curie temperature and shift the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition. By using the solid state reaction, it provides faster sintering process and also for faster atomic diffusion than the concurrent solid state processes. The capillary attraction due to the wetting of liquid gives rapid compact densification without the need for an external pressure. The liquid also reduces the inter-particle friction, thereby aiding rapid rearrangement of the solid particles. Grain size control is possible during solid state reaction.

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