Optimization of PID controller using PSO algorithm for active suspension system under various road disturbances

Md Desa, Nor Hani (2024) Optimization of PID controller using PSO algorithm for active suspension system under various road disturbances. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

This report presents an active suspension system for a car to improve handling and comfort on the road in various road disturbance scenarios. The main limitation of passive suspension systems lies in their inherent compromise between ride comfort and safety, resulting from their inability to dynamically adjust to varying road conditions. Efforts to enhance ride comfort often led to trade-offs that may compromise safety, and vice versa. This duality necessitates a more adaptable and flexible solution. Active suspension systems emerge as a transformative methodology, allowing real-time adjustments and dynamic modifications to damping characteristics. This capability effectively separates the compromise between ride enjoyment and safety, enabling an optimal equilibrium by adaptively responding to fluctuations in road conditions. Our objectives include developing and analyzing a quarter-car model for the active suspension, optimizing the PID controller using the PSO algorithm, and comparing system performance with passive and Ziegler-Nichols-tuned active suspensions. To minimize the sprung mass acceleration when the vehicle is subjected to various road situations, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is presented in this research. MATLAB is used to generate quarter-cars and models of road bump disturbance for the dynamic investigation of the suspension system of the car. The advantages of the proposed PSO-based PID controller over the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method for the active suspension system are illustrated by simulation results in MATLAB, demonstrating significant improvements in gain values and tire-road contact, thereby enhancing both ride comfort and safety by adaptively responding to road conditions in real time.

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