Design for remanufacturing: A study of electric vehicle transmission

Azman, Nazathul Azniera (2023) Design for remanufacturing: A study of electric vehicle transmission. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

The transportation industry releases 25% of the Greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by energy-related industries. With a substantial presence in the automotive sector, Electric Vehicles (EVs) are expected to lower the impact of the greenhouse effect. EVs have grown in popularity in recent years. Their participation is important in lowering GHG emissions into the atmosphere. Corresponding to the additional number of EVs production, the end of life of their components needs to be carefully studied to avoid new negative environmental impacts. Remanufacturing is one of the methods that can be used to reduce and eliminate the environmental impact of EV components. Remanufacturing is an industrial process to restore an old product to a new with value-added product. In addition, there is a minimal amount of study regarding the remanufacturing of EV transmissions. The study included the life cycle assessment constructed by using the openLCA software to compare between the life cycle of a new EV transmission with the remanufactured EV transmission. The type of LCA used is cradle to gate which is focused more on the injected material used to manufacture the product. The result shows that the remanufactured transmission performs significantly better than the newly manufactured component in terms of all environmental impact categories considered. In terms of abiotic depletion, it shows that remanufacturing able to minimise 84% the used of raw material compared to newly manufactured transmission in total and contributed 63% lesser of Global Warming Potential (GWP) compared to the newly manufactured transmission. The savings are chiefly due to lower power consumption and material requirements as a result of the reuse of components.

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