Development of composite material for 3D printing filament using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) reinforced with sugar palm fiber (SPF)

Abdu, Muhammad Arief Izuddin (2021) Development of composite material for 3D printing filament using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) reinforced with sugar palm fiber (SPF). Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Environmental issues have led to various approach by researcher in producing alternative way to solve it. Thus, one effective way is to maximize utilization of natural fiber used as filler to be combine with thermoplastic material in 3D printing industries. In this study, a sugar palm fiber (SPF) was used as a filler material reinforced with recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET) to fabricate as composite for 3D filament printing. The aim of this study is to evaluate and characterize sugar palm fiber reinforced polyethylene on physical, morphological, and environmental properties. In this study, fiber loading was used 0, 1,3, and 5%. The preparation of sugar palm is the most important procedure to obtain suitable sugar palm particle size. Sugar palm fiber than were treated with sodium hydroxide with proper amount of concentration (6%) and soaking time (2 hours) to enhance the compatibility of fiber and the matrix. Additionally, fiber loading of composite was test for water absorption, SEM, and soil burial. In this study, degradation of sugar palm fiber and recycled polyethylene terephthalate was conducted using TGA. The purpose of TGA was to determine component that were degraded for sugar palm fiber and fraction of volatile component that degrade in recycled polyethylene terephthalate by monitoring the weight changes. The melting point and melt flow rate were observed by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was conducted on rPET that later used for fabrication process. Hot press technique was used in this study to fabricate the composite. The result revealed that water absorption for treated fiber 5% exhibits maximum water uptake due to the good interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Morphological properties of water absorption and soil burial were conducted using SEM. The findings show surface of composite consists of voids, crack and fracture which attribute to water absorption. Soil burial test was conducted to evaluate the biodegradable properties of composite. The result shows that treated sugar palm composite exhibited highest degradability than untreated sugar palm composite. This may attribute to improved adhesion of sugar palm fiber through sodium hydroxide treatment. Overall, results indicated with treated sugar palm fiber can improves physical and environmental properties which proved that chemical treatment have improve surface adhesion of fiber and matrix.

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