Parametric and combustion characteristics of diesel and water in oil emulsifier mixture

Loh, Chi Pei (2022) Parametric and combustion characteristics of diesel and water in oil emulsifier mixture. Project Report. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia. (Submitted)

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Abstract

This report deals with propose of diesel and water in oil emulsifier mixtures which are to be improved by manipulating the percentage of emulsifier added in the mixer. The objective of this project is to analyse water-in-oil emulsions addition to the base fuel in terms of burning rate, lifetime and stability. The method that will be use is quantitative measurement on high speed imaging of evaporating diesel and emulsifier mixture. After the emulsion fuels are produced, the mixture is later on be analysed using laboratory analysis in FTKMP lab. Data and results of the experiment are observed and recorded. Quantitative analysis will be done based on the regression of D2-law and the change of combustion characteristics will be justified by cross-comparing the surface regression trend with the change of fuel properties. By the end of the report, the emulsion fuels where able to be produced by the mixer and the mixtures produced can be analysed. The expected result is the viscosity of emulsified diesel would increase since the viscosity of the emulsifier is higher than diesel. It is expected that the surface of the droplet would be enveloped by a layer of viscous emulsifier. Since there is a slightly increase in viscosity, vapour bubble will emerge from homogeneous and even heterogeneous nucleation would need a stronger internal pressure to rupture the droplet surface upon escaping thus producing stronger puffing or even micro explosion. However, there also a possibility of added emulsifier to stabilize the evaporation with reduced liquid-gas diffusion. This is due to addition of emulsifier will forms an elastic protective layer which would prevent early phase separation and also the suppressive action of the emulsifier layer formed on the surface of the droplet. Therefore, the layer requires higher heat to be evaporated, thus more time is needed to absorb the surrounding heat energy rather than to be used for evaporation. In the conclusion, this project had been expected successfully done and achieved all of the objectives. First of all, the effect of oil-in-water emulsions addition to the base fuel in terms of burning rate, lifetime and stability had been analysed. Besides, the second objective was to investigate the change of combustion phases in increasing water loading of emulsion fuel from 10% to 30% with 10% increment. Last but not least, the relationship of changes in combustion characteristics between diesel and water-in-oil emulsions had been determined.

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